Conflict of Interest Policy

All individuals involved in the publication process (including authors, editors, and reviewers) must disclose any potential conflicts of interest that could affect the objectivity, integrity, or interpretation of the work. Conflict may include financial, institutional, professional, or personal relationships. All sources of funding must be clearly acknowledged. Where a conflict exists, appropriate steps will be taken to ensure an impartial and independent evaluation of the manuscript.

Editors do not handle their own manuscripts and will recuse themselves from any manuscript in which they have a conflict of interest.

Manuscripts submitted by editors or editorial board members must include disclosure of their editorial role and will be handled by an independent editor with no competing interests. Such submissions undergo the journal’s standard double-blind peer-review process, and the submitting editor will not be involved in reviewer selection, editorial discussions, or the final decision.

Publications authored by editorial board members are limited and a member may not publish more than one article per year.