Freedom of Religion and Beliefs in View of the Shakahola Tragedy in Kenya

Biblical and Theological Analysis

Abstract

The Republic of Kenya has a long tradition of religious diversity and tolerance which has been perceived as a unifying factor that connects people to their communities, creating a sense of identity, belonging and instilling moral values. However, the Shakahola tragedy which occurred in 2023 resulted in mass deaths, with approximately 429 bodies recovered, revealing consequences of manipulation of believers and religious intolerance. This serves as a reminder of the dangers that can be introduced by false teachings and the influence of some religious leaders, emphasizing the necessity for strong frameworks that protect individuals from engaging in harmful religious practices. Historically, religion has been and remains a powerful community mechanism which shapes moral behavior, defines societal norms, and serves as a unifying force within society. This role is increasingly influenced by radicalism, false teachings, intolerance, manipulation, and extremism, particularly when faith is distorted from its fundamental principles or instrumentalized for destructive purposes. For this, fundamental questions arise concerning the compatibility between religious freedom, extremist practices, and biblical and theological principles. It is from this perspective through qualitative and library research that this paper addresses a crucial question concerning fundamental rights, and more specifically, freedom of religion in view of the Shakahola tragedy in Kenya. In conclusion, while religious freedom is a fundamental right, it must be exercised in respect for human dignity, in accordance to biblical and theological teachings that calls for justice, love and peace. To guarantee an authentic expression of faith that respects the dignity of believers and contributes to social peace in Kenya, this study emphasizes an integrated approach combining laws, ethical responsibility, and biblical and theological principles.