Handling Misconduct

The journal maintains a strict policy against research and publication misconduct by authors, reviewers, and editors.

All allegations of misconduct will be investigated by the editorial team in accordance with the guidelines and flowcharts of the Committee on Publication Ethics.

 Where misconduct is confirmed, appropriate action will be taken. This may include rejection of manuscripts, removal of reviewers or editors from the journal, publication of corrections, expressions of concern, or full retraction of published articles. In serious cases, the journal may also notify the authors’ institutions or relevant authorities.

These measures are intended to protect the integrity of the research process and maintain the reliability of the scholarly record.